现代物流面向物联网的供应链协同管理优化

物联网对供应链协同管理发展具有驱动作用,相关物联网技术在供应链领域早有应用,供应链协同管理高端发展的突破口必然以物联网为导向。本文探讨了在供应链管理领域中应用物联网技术存在的制约因素,并提出以物联网为导向优化供应链协同管理的发展战略。     

跨国供应链数量折扣模型

文章在跨国供应链的环境下,针对市场需求确定下的一个供应商和一个零售商来建立数量折扣模型,得出了供应链协调下折扣率应满足的区间;然后分析了汇率的变化对供应商和零售商利润所产生的影响;最后通过数值分析并得出结论：供应商提供数量折扣后,供应商和零售商的利润有了明显的改进;随着汇率比例的增加,系统的订购量逐渐降低,供应商和零售商的利润也同时降低。     

“港口-产业-城市”复合系统协调度模型

分析了＂港口-产业-城市＂复合系统（port-industry-citycomposite system,以下简称PICCS）的特性,认为PICCS是具有耗散结构特征的开放系统。依据协同原理,构建了PICCS协调度模型,运用该模型计算连云港市PICCS的协调度。结果表明,PICCS协调度模型能够定量化地显示PICCS的协调发展状况,并找出PICCS发展过程中存在的主要问题,从而为港口地区港口、产业、城市协调发展机制的建设以及社会经济宏观发展目标的制定提供数据支持与决策依据。     

Coordination in retailer-carrier channels for long term planning

We study a retailer-carrier channel for the purpose of long term planning and coordination. Here, the term channel represents the business interaction between the retailer and the carrier. The retailer sells a particular item with price-dependent demand, whereas the carrier is responsible for transporting the item to the retailer's site. We characterize the profit functions of each channel member as well as the total channel profit. We consider two specific channel structures: (i) the centralized channel and (ii) the decentralized channel. Under the first channel structure, the goal is to set the retail price so as to maximize the total channel profit. Under the latter, the carrier and the retailer choose their own policy parameters, i.e., the freight rate for the carrier and the retail price for the retailer, so as to maximize their individual profits. We model the decentralized channel as a Stackelberg Game and propose a coordination mechanism between the retailer and the carrier in which the retailer signals a price multiplier to the carrier. We illustrate that this mechanism could provide win-win solutions for both parties and present analytical and numerical results on the efficiency of channel coordination. We demonstrate that coordination in retailer-carrier channels can be as promising as supplier-retailer channels. We also discuss the effects of retailer-carrier coordination on inventory levels.     

黑龙江省土地利用效益综合测度及耦合协调度研究

文章从土地利用经济、社会、生态效益入手构建适用于黑龙江省土地利用效益评价指标体系,结合熵值赋权与变异系数的综合确权法测算各城市土地利用经济、社会、生态效益水平及各指标权重,基于耦合协调度模型划分城市土地利用经济-社会-生态效益两两间耦合阶段与协调类型,研究表明:(1)黑龙江省西南部土地利用效益高于东北部,经济、生态、社会效益呈现明显的等级层次性,其中大庆与哈尔滨经济、社会效益居于首位,黑河与牡丹江生态效益最高;(2)黑龙江省生态-社会效益耦合协调强度大于经济-社会,经济-生态效益最低,多数城市处于拮抗耦合,仅伊春与黑河的经济-生态、经济-社会效益为低水平耦合;(3)黑龙江省西南部的协调程度整体高于东北部,其中仅哈尔滨与大庆土地利用效益为协调状态,其余城市均为失调。     

基于两层架构协调的应急物资分配与车辆调度集成优化方法

针对突发事件下的应急物资调运问题，考虑了多个地区同时受灾以及多个出救点需要对其进行救灾并且各出救点的运力有限的情况，以最小化总的车辆运输费用，最大化救灾效率、各受灾点的救灾满意度，以及各受灾点得到救助的公平性为目标，建立了该问题的多目标混合整数非线性规划模型，并提出了一个基于两层架构协调的迭代式遗传算法进行求解。基于仿真数据的实验结果证明了所提出的模型和算法的有效性。     

江苏省空间开发适宜性与土地利用效率的协调性分析

研究目的:根据开发适宜性与土地利用效率的空间协调关系,判断江苏省县级单元的空间开发合理性状态。研究方法:基于经济社会发展、交通可达和生态约束3方面因素评价江苏省空间开发适宜性,运用数据包络模型测度江苏省土地利用效率。研究结果:(1)空间开发适宜性方面,高适宜区域主要分布在苏锡常和南京,中适宜区域位于苏中地区和苏北地级市、县(市)的城区,低适宜区域主要分布在苏北的非建设用地上;(2)空间开发效率方面,综合效率呈现南高北低的格局,高效率县市主要分布在长江以南区域,规模递增仍然是苏北和苏中地区投入产出的主要特征,但其建设用地投入存在冗余现象;(3)匹配关系方面,开发适宜性与土地利用效率协调类型以苏南地区的"HH"型、苏中地区的"MM、MH"型和苏北地区的"LL"型为主,高适宜区域普遍具有较高的开发强度。研究结论:江苏省大部分县市(区)的空间开发适宜性和开发效率是基本协调的,但部分地区仍然存在开发过度和土地利用效率低下的问题。     

Product variety,sourcing complexity,and the bottleneck of coordination

Research summary: This paper studies the coordination burden for firms that pursue variety as their main product strategy. We propose that product variety magnifies the tension between scale economies in production and scope economies in distribution, giving rise to complex sourcing relationships. Sourcing complexity worsens performance and poses a dilemma for organization design: A hierarchical structure with intermediate coordinating units such as sourcing hubs reduces sourcing complexity for downstream distribution but creates bottlenecks at the hubs, hurting performance for both the hubs and downstream distribution. We empirically examine operations data for about 300 distribution centers within a major soft drink bottling company in 2010–2011. Results support our hypotheses, illuminating the source of complexity in multi‐product firms and the challenge for organization design in managing complexity. Managerial summary: This paper uses data for about 300 distribution centers within a major soft drink bottling company to study how a large product variety creates complex sourcing networks. We find that, in addition to poor performance (e.g., increased stockouts), complex sourcing networks can cause challenges for organization design. In particular, the benefits of converting an existing distribution center into a sourcing hub (i.e., reduction in sourcing complexity for downstream distribution) and the costs of doing so (i.e., reduction in performance for both the hubs and downstream distribution) are both real and significant. The design of an efficient sourcing network despite its complexity involves important managerial decisions. Experiences in building and managing such networks can be the basis of a dynamic capability. © 2016 The Authors. Strategic Management Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Debt monetization,inflation, and the ‘neutral’ interest rate

The main purpose of this study is to explore the potential expansionary effect stemming from the monetization of debt. We develop a simple macroeconomic model with Keynesian features and four sectors: creditor and debtor households, businesses, and the public sector. We show that such expansionary effect stems mainly from the reduction in the financial cost to servicing the public debt. The efficacy of the channel that operates allegedly through the compression of the risk/term premium on securities is found to be ambiguous. Finally, we show that countries that issue their own currency can avert getting stuck in a structural ‘liquidity trap’ provided their central banks are willing to monetize the debt created by a strong enough fiscal expansion.     

区际产业转移的影响因素及对策分析

区际产业转移，是解决我国区域协调发展问题的重要途径。然而，市场经济条件下的区际产业转移往往受到生产要素、区位、市场、制度等因素的影响。因此，要加快区际产业转移，必须针对这些因素制定相应的对策。